Modèles de sécurité – Standards et bonnes pratiques

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Michel Trémaud

L’industrie du transport aérien a développé un large éventail de standards et bonnes pratiques adressant la plupart des domaines de risque affectant les opérations aériennes. Michel Trémaud en a dressé un catalogue qui ne saurait être exhaustif mais dont la richesse constitue un vaste patrimoine à découvrir ou redécouvrir.

Risk Domains	Defenses / Controls	Safety Models – Sources
All	Basic Elements of Airmanship	Air France Bulletin de Sécurité des Vols – No. 27 – Circa 1993 Bulletins de Sécurité des Vols – No. 33 – 1995 and No. 46 – 2000 Anthony T. Kern Redefining Airmanship – 1997 New Zealand CAA Vector bulletins – 2001 thru 2003 FSF – ALAR Toolkit ALAR Briefing Note 1.3 – Operations Golden Rules Operational Guide to Human Factors in Aviation http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Portal:Human_Factors or http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Portal:OGHFA
All	Operations Golden Rules	FSF – ALAR Toolkit ALAR Briefing Note 1.3
All	Training standards	International / National Training Standards PPL, CPL and ATPL / MPL Manufacturers’ and Operators’ Training Standards Operating / Training Manuals and Training Courseware’s
All	Crew Resource Management (CRM)	Manufacturer’s and Operator’s CRM courses FSF – ALAR Tool Kit ALAR Briefing Notes 2.1 thru 2.4 – Crew Coordination Operational Guide to Human Factors in Aviation http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Portal:OGHFA US FAA Advisory Circulars AC 60 – 22 – Aeronautical Decision Making AC 120 – 51E – Crew Resource Management Training
All	Operating Standards	Manufacturer’s and Operator’s SOP’s FSF – ALAR Toolkit Briefing Notes 1.1 thru 1.6 and 2.1 thru 2.4 SOP’s template US FAA – Advisory Circulars AC 91- 73, AC 120 – 71A and AC 120 – 74A Manufacturer’s and Operator’s Non-normal Procedures
All	Use of Automation	Manufacturer’s and Operator’s Operating and Training Manuals SOP’s – Introduction Automation Policy FSF – ALAR Toolkit ALAR Briefing Note 1.2 and 1.3 US Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) Safety Enhancement 30 ( SE – 30 ) Recommendations for an Automation Policy
All	Pilot / Controller Communications	FSF – ALAR Toolkit ALAR Briefing Note 2.3 Eurocontrol – AGC Toolkit Air / Ground Communication Toolkit Global Aviation Information Network (GAIN) Reports on Working Group E http://flightsafety.org/archives-and-resources/global-aviation-safety-network-gain
All	Errors Management	Threat-and-Error Management (TEM) model Error Management markers
All	Threats Management	Threat-and-Error Management (TEM) model Threat Management markers
Altitude Deviation Level Bust	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	Eurocontrol – European Air Traffic Management Program http://www.eurocontrol.int/eatmp http://www.eurocontrol.int/safety Level Bust Safety Bulletins IATA / Eurocontrol – Level Bust Tool Kit European Action Plan for the Prevention of Level Bust Level Bust Briefing Notes FSF – ALAR Toolkit ALAR Briefing Notes 3.1 and 3.2
Approach-and-Landing Accident	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	FSF – ALAR Toolkit http://flightsafety.org/current-safety-initiatives/approach-and-landing-accident-reduction-alar ALAR Briefing Notes – Chapters 1 thru 8 ALAR Risk Awareness Tool (RAT) ALAR Risk Reduction Guide (RRG ) Airbus – Brochure Getting to Grips with … Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction US Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) Results and Analysis Problem Statements and Interventions Characteristics / Indicators Master Collector Global Aviation Information Network (GAIN) http://flightsafety.org/archives-and-resources/global-aviation-safety-network-gain
Cabin Smell Smoke / Fumes Fire	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	Manufacturer’s / Operator’s Operating Manuals / Courseware’s (Flight Crew / Cabin Crew); Global Aviation Information Network (GAIN) http://flightsafety.org/archives-and-resources/global-aviation-safety-network-gain Cabin Safety Compendium FSF – Smoke / Fire / Fumes Project Industry Task Force report Template for Smoke / Fire / Fumes procedures Airbus – Cabin Operations Briefing Notes http://www.airbus.com/en/corporate/ethics/safety_lib/ Cabin Smoke Awareness
CFIT	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	FSF / FAA – CFIT Education and Training Aid CFIT Checklist – Evaluate Risk and Take Action FSF – ALAR Toolkit http://flightsafety.org/current-safety-initiatives/approach-and-landing-accident-reduction-alar ALAR Risk Awareness Tool ( RAT ) ALAR Risk Reduction Guide ( RRG ) ALAR Briefing Note 5.2 – Terrain Awareness ALAR Briefing Note 6.3 – Terrain Avoidance – Pull-up – Maneuver Airbus – Brochure Getting to Grips with … Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction US Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) Results and Analysis Problem Statements and Interventions Characteristics / Indicators Master Collector
Ground Collision	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	ICAO Manual on the Prevention of Runway Incursions (Doc. 9870 – AN / 463) Runway Safety Toolkit Eurocontrol / Industry European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions (EAPPRI) Eurocontrol Airport Operations Program US FAA / IATA / PAAST Runway Incursion Prevention Programs Education and Training Aids US Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) Results and Analysis Problem Statements and Interventions Characteristics /Indicators Master Collector Transport Canada National Civil Aviation Safety Committee Sub-Committee on Runway Incursions Final Report Reference TP 13795 E – Sept.14/2000 Flight Safety Foundation Airport Operations Bulletins (Jul.-Aug. 2000, Nov.-Dec. 2001, Jul.-Aug.2003) Airbus – Flight Operations Briefing Notes Runway and Surface Operations section : – Preventing Runway Incursions
Lateral Deviation Navigation Error	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	UK CAA North Atlantic MNPS Airspace Operations FSF – ALAR Toolkit http://flightsafety.org/current-safety-initiatives/approach-and-landing-accident-reduction-alar ALAR Briefing Note 1.2 – Optimum Use of Automation ALAR Briefing Note 1.3 – Operations Golden Rules
Loss of Control (in flight)	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	Industry Task Force The Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid US Commercial Aviation Safety Team ( CAST ) Results and Analysis : Problem Statements and Interventions Characteristics / Indicators Master Collector
Midair Collision	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	Eurocontrol European Air Traffic Management Program (EATMP) http://www.eurocontrol.int/eatmp http//www.eurocontrol.int/safety Level Bust Safety Bulletins Level Bust Prevention Toolkit Air / Ground Communication Toolkit ACAS II Bulletins : http://www;eurocontrol.int/acas/ ACAS Brochure – WP-6.1 – ACASA/WP6.1/015 ACAS II Operations in the European RVSM ACAS Training Tool RITA ( Replay Interface for TCAS Alerts ) Airspace Infringement Initiative FSF – ALAR Toolkit http://flightsafety.org/current-safety-initiatives/approach-and-landing-accident-reduction-alar ALAR Briefing Notes 1.1, 1.3, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1 and 3.2
Ramp Safety / Ramp Damage	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	Flight Safety Foundation Ground Accident Prevention Program http://flightsafety.org/archives-and-resources/ground-accident-prevention-gap
Runway Excursion / Overrun (Landing)	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	FSF – ALAR Toolkit http://flightsafety.org/current-safety-initiatives/approach-and-landing-accident-reduction-alar ALAR Risk Awareness Tool – RAT ALAR Risk Reduction Guide – RRG ALAR Briefing Notes 8.1 thru 8.7 FSF / IATA Runway Safety Toolkit http://flightsafety.org/current-safety-initiatives/runway-safety-initiative-rsi Report on the Runway Safety Initiative Runway Excursion Risk Awareness Tool – RERAT Airbus – Flight Operations Briefing Notes Landing Techniques section
Runway Excursion / Overrun (Takeoff)	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	FAA / Industry – Takeoff Safety Training Aid Training Aid and Video Manufacturer-specific Annexes FSF ALAR Toolkit http://flightsafety.org/current-safety-initiatives/approach-and-landing-accident-reduction-alar ALAR Risk Awareness Tool – RAT ALAR Risk Reduction Guide – RRG ALAR Briefing Note 8.1 – Preventing Runway Excursion and Overrun FSF / IATA Runway Safety Toolkit http://flightsafety.org/current-safety-initiatives/runway-safety-initiative-rsi Report on the Runway Safety Initiative Runway Excursion Risk Awareness Tool – RERAT Airbus – Flight Operations Briefing Notes Takeoff and Departure Operations section : – Revisiting the « Stop or Go » Decision – Understanding the Takeoff Speeds Supplementary Techniques section : – Handling Engine Malfunction
Runway Incursion (Ground Collision)	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	ICAO Manual on the Prevention of Runway Incursions (Doc. 9870 – AN / 463) Runway Safety Toolkit Eurocontrol / Industry European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions (EAPPRI) US FAA Runway Safety Program FAA / IATA / PAAST Runway Incursion Prevention Programs Education and Training Aids Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) Results and Analysis Problem Statements and Interventions Characteristics / Indicators Master Collector Transport Canada National Civil Aviation Safety Committee Sub-Committee on Runway Incursions Final Report Reference TP 13795 E – Sept.14/2000 Flight Safety Foundation Airport Operations Bulletins (Jul.-Aug. 2000, Nov.-Dec. 2001, Jul.-Aug.2003) Airbus – Flight Operations Briefing Notes Runway and Surface Operations section : – Preventing Runway Incursions – Conducting Effective Briefings ALPA International Runway Incursions – A Call for Action (White Paper – March 2007)
Turbulence ( Wake )	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	FAA / ATA / Boeing Turbulence Education and Training Aid Mc Donnell / Douglas Wake Turbulence Training Aid Airbus – Flight Operations Briefing Notes Operating Environment section : – Wake Turbulence Awareness / Avoidance
Turbulence (Weather)	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	FAA / ATA / Boeing Turbulence Education and Training Aid Mc Donnell / Douglas Wake Turbulence Training Aid Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) Results and Analysis Problem Statements and Interventions Characteristics / Indicators Master Collector Manufacturer’s and Operator’s Operating and Training Manuals Inclement Weather / Adverse Weather Operation Airbus – Flight Operations Briefing Notes Adverse Weather Operations section : – Optimum Use of Weather Radar Cabin Operations section : – Turbulence Threat Awareness
Volcanic Ash	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	Manufacturer’s and Operator’s Operating and Training Manuals Inclement Weather / Adverse Weather Operation Airbus – Flight Operations Briefing Notes Operating Environment section : – Volcanic Ash Awareness
Wildlife Hazards	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	Transport Canada Sharing the Skies – An Aviation Industry Guide to the Management of Wildlife Hazards (Reference TP 13549 E) Airport Council International (ACI) http://www.aci-safetynetwork.aero Aerodrome Bird Hazard Prevention and Wildlife Management Handbook
Windshear	Threat-related Prevention Strategies	FAA / Industry Windshear Education and Training Aid Manufacturer’s and Operator’s Operating and Training Manuals Inclement Weather / Adverse Weather Operations Operation in Windshear / Downburst Conditions FSF – ALAR Toolkit http://flightsafety.org/current-safety-initiatives/approach-and-landing-accident-reduction-alar ALAR Briefing Note 5.4 – Windshear Awareness Airbus – Flight Operations Briefing Notes Adverse Weather Operations section : – Windshear Awareness – Optimum Use of Weather Radar

Michel Trémaud

Michel Trémaud a débuté sa carrière au Bureau Veritas, l'a poursuivie à Air Martinique et Aerotour, avant de rejoindre Airbus pour une carrière de près de 30 ans, consacrée principalement aux opérations en vol, essais de développement / certification et sécurité des vols. Dans ces fonctions, il a contribué à de nombreux projets pilotés par l'OACI, IATA, la Flight Safety Foundation et Eurocontrol. Ingénieur et pilote de ligne de formation académique initiale, il est pilote privé ( avion / planeur / ULM ) ... et également formé sur A310/A300-600.

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View Comments

pilou says:

26 octobre 2016 at 17 h 43 min

grosso modo rien de francophone ou si peu, pour un discours très institutionnel.
- Michel Trémaud says:
  
  27 octobre 2016 at 19 h 58 min
  
  Effectivement, on aurait pu citer les Bulletins Sécurité de la DSAC, les bulletins Incidents en Transport Aérien du BEA et les bulletins Flash de la FFA.
  
  La DGAC a conduit des projets sur les approches non-stabilisées, les incursions de piste, ... dont les rapports sont pour partie en Français / pour partie en Anglais.
  
  La DSNA publie également des bulletins (Safety Briefings) mais en langue Anglaise.